Signs and Symptoms of a Concussion

A concussion is an injury to the brain caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that can change the way your brain normally works. Concussions can also occur from a fall or a blow to the body that causes the head and brain to move quickly back and forth.

You cannot see a concussion. Signs and symptoms may appear immediately following the injury or may not be noticed until days or longer after the injury.

 Observable Signs of a Concussion

• Appears to be dazed or stunned
• Is confused about assignments or position
• Forgets instruction such as sports plays
• Is unsure of game, score or opponent
• Moves clumsily
• Answers questions slowly
• Loses consciousness (even briefly)
• Cannot recall events PRIOR to hit or fall (retrograde amnesia)
• Cannot recall event AFTER hit or fall (anterograde amnesia)

Symptoms Reported by the Athlete

• Headache or pressure in head
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or balance problems
• Double or blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Sensitivity to noise
• Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy, groggy or slowed down
• Concentration or memory problems
• Confusion
• Generally does "not feel right" or is "feeling down"

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention at an Emergency Room

If a concussion has occurred, be observant for the following signs.  If any of the signs with an asterisk (*) are observed, seek medical attention at the nearest emergency room or call 9-1-1.

• Headache that increases in intensity*
• Nausea or vomiting*
• Difference in pupil size from left eye to right eye or dilated pupils*
• Blurred or double vision*
• Slurred speech*
• Noticeable changes in level of consciousness (difficulty awakening or sudden loss of consciousness)*
• Seizures*
• Decreased or irregular pulse or breathing*
• Mental confusion or behavior changes
• Dizziness
• Memory Loss
• Ringing in the ears
• Changes in gait or balance