Hormones are the body's chemical messengers, vital in regulating a wide range of essential processes. Yet, many only think about hormones during certain life stages—like puberty or menopause—or when we experience health issues. However, understanding their broader biological impact can help you take charge of your overall well-being. Dr. Lorianna Aleman-Maymi, MD, an endocrinologist at Memorial Hermann Medical Group The Woodlands, sheds light on the function of hormones, common hormonal disorders and when it’s time to see a doctor.
Why Hormones Matter
Glands in the endocrine system produce hormones (such as insulin and cortisol), which travel through the bloodstream and signal the organs and tissues to perform specific actions. “These signals regulate a wide range of physiological processes that maintain the body’s proper function,” explained Dr. Aleman-Maymi.
Some of the key hormones include:
- Insulin: Produced by the pancreas to decrease blood glucose and facilitate the use and uptake of this fuel
- Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3): Produced by the thyroid gland to release chemical signals that regulate metabolism, growth/development and energy levels
- Cortisol: Produced by adrenal glands and can affect electrolytes, blood pressure and glucose. This hormone is released during stress responses
- Growth hormone: Produced by the pituitary gland, it can affect and regulate bone and muscle growth
- Estrogen and progesterone: Produced by the female reproductive system (ovaries), these hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty
- Testosterone: Produced by the male reproductive system (testes), it guides sperm production in males and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty and also helps maintain muscle mass
- Glucagon: Produced by the pancreas to raise blood glucose by stimulating liver mechanisms
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Produced by the parathyroid glands as a signal to absorb calcium; it also affects phosphorus regulation
The Role of an Endocrinologist
An endocrinologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing, interpreting and treating hormone disorders. Hormonal imbalances can manifest in many ways—from changes in metabolism to mood swings. Some common conditions that an endocrinologist treats include the following:
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Osteoporosis
- Pituitary gland abnormalities
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hormonal changes related to menopause or andropause
“We regularly monitor a patient’s symptoms and lab results to make and adjust treatment plans,” Dr. Aleman-Maymi said. “Endocrinologists play an integral role in helping patients manage their conditions, whether it’s through medication, lifestyle interventions or ongoing monitoring.”
When is it time to see a physician?
While not an exhaustive list, Dr. Aleman-Maymi said you should be on the watch for certain symptoms that could signal it’s time to see your physician, such as those included below:
- Increased thirst
- Increased urination
- Blurry vision
- Fatigue and/or muscle weakness
- Irregular menstrual periods
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Unexplained weight gain or weight loss
- Cramps or persistent electrolyte imbalance
- Elevated glucose levels
- Elevated blood pressure
“If an individual experiences any of these symptoms, they should see their primary care provider (PCP) first to assess the endocrine system,” said Dr. Aleman-Maymi. “If the lab results reveal any abnormal levels, the PCP will refer the patient to an endocrinologist for further evaluation, education, diagnosis and treatment of hormone imbalance.”
Key Life Stages for Hormonal Changes
Hormonal shifts are especially prominent during certain life stages. Puberty, pregnancy, menopause and andropause are some of the most significant moments in a person’s life when hormone production drastically shifts. Dr. Aleman-Maymi notes that these changes are part of the body’s natural development. “Hormones are secreted at different rates and amounts to promote proper development and meet the metabolic needs during these stages,” she said.
For example, during puberty, the body increases the production of growth hormones, estrogen and testosterone to stimulate physical development. During menopause, the decline in estrogen can lead to noticeable symptoms like hot flashes, changes in mood and sudden weight changes. Understanding what happens during these shifts can help you navigate these periods with more awareness and better management practices.
Taking Control of Your Hormonal Health
Just as the heart requires care to function at its best, your endocrine system benefits from your attention, too. Hormones affect nearly every aspect of your health, from energy levels to bone and muscle growth. Staying informed about the roles they play in your body’s function can help you make better lifestyle choices.
Regular checkups with your PCP, along with staying aware of the symptoms you’re experiencing and any changes in your life stage, can ensure that hormonal imbalances are detected early and managed effectively. Whether it’s through lifestyle changes or medical intervention, managing your hormones can significantly improve your quality of life.
