Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They can vary in size, number and location, ranging from very small growths that may go unnoticed to larger fibroids that can cause symptoms. Fibroids are common, especially during the reproductive years.
In many cases, fibroids do not lead to noticeable problems. However, when they do, they can affect how the uterus functions and lead to issues such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure or difficulty getting pregnant.
Fibroids develop when certain cells in the uterus begin to grow in response to hormones like estrogen. Over time, these growths can increase in size. While fibroids often shrink after menopause when hormone levels decline, they may still cause symptoms.
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but they are believed to develop as a result of a combination of genetic and hormonal factors.
Some women may be more prone to developing fibroids based on family history. Estrogen appears to play a key role in their growth, which is why fibroids often become more noticeable before menopause, when estrogen levels are higher.
Even though the cause is not always clear, fibroids are very common and, in most cases, manageable with the right care.
Symptoms of uterine fibroids can vary depending on how and where they develop. Some women have no symptoms at all, while others experience changes that affect their period, pelvic comfort or fertility.
Common uterine fibroid symptoms include:
Heavy bleeding is often the symptom that has the greatest impact on daily life. Ongoing blood loss can lead to anemia, which may cause fatigue, weakness and other health concerns.
Fibroids can also create pressure on nearby organs, sometimes called a “mass effect.” This may lead to urinary frequency, constipation or recurring pelvic discomfort.
Uterine fibroids are typically identified during a routine pelvic exam, when a doctor may feel an enlarged or irregular uterus.
Imaging plays an important role in confirming the diagnosis and understanding the size, location and number of fibroids. A pelvic ultrasound is typically the first step and is commonly used to identify fibroids.
Additional imaging, such as MRI, can be used to provide more detailed information and help guide more precise treatment planning.
Heavy or difficult periods may be easy to dismiss, especially if they have been happening for a long time. However, ongoing or disruptive symptoms should not be ignored.
You should consider seeing an OB/GYN if you have:
During the reproductive years, fibroids can continue to grow rather than shrink on their own. Early evaluation can help you understand your options and prevent symptoms from becoming more severe, especially if you are thinking about pregnancy.
Treatment for uterine fibroids is individualized based on symptoms and pregnancy goals. Some women only need monitoring, while others may benefit from medication, procedures or surgery.
Non-invasive and symptom management options may begin with:
Hormonal therapy can help control heavy or irregular bleeding, but it does not eliminate fibroids. Some women are able to manage symptoms effectively with this approach, especially if fibroids are small or not causing significant disruption.
Lifestyle considerations, such as maintaining a balanced diet and monitoring overall health, may also support symptom management as part of a broader care plan.
Minimally invasive options may include:
Surgical treatment options may include:
Some procedures may be performed through small incisions, including an incision near the belly button. Others may be performed through the cervix or vagina, when the fibroid location allows. While surgery can be highly effective, fibroids may recur over time after myomectomy. That is why treatment planning considers both immediate symptom relief and long-term goals, including the timing of pregnancy when relevant.
For patients planning pregnancy, treatment decisions should account for how fibroids may affect conception, pregnancy and delivery.
Because every patient’s experience with fibroids is different, open conversations with an experienced OB/GYN are key to finding the right approach.
At Memorial Hermann, patients with uterine fibroids have access to OB/GYN specialists experienced in diagnosing and treating both common and complex cases.
Care is tailored to each patient’s needs, with a focus on:
Patients benefit from thoughtful evaluation, clear guidance and a care plan that aligns with their goals. We also recognize that many women are not fully aware of all their treatment options. Our team takes the time to explain each approach, helping patients make informed decisions about their care.
Memorial Hermann is committed to enhancing health care for women of all ages and at every stage of life. We offer a full spectrum of specialized services, from adolescent gynecology and maternity care to midwife services, breast care, pelvic floor health, menopause care and more. Across Greater Houston, our affiliated women’s health specialists work together to provide convenient, comprehensive care close to home within a connected network. We also are working to increase access to care and are supporting efforts to close the health equity gap for women and children in the communities we serve.
You do not have to keep managing symptoms on your own. If you are experiencing heavy bleeding, pelvic pressure or fertility concerns, the first step is speaking with an OB/GYN who understands uterine fibroids. Reach out today to schedule an appointment.